India’s digital transformation is often framed around the idea of a smartphone in every hand. Yet, for millions across Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, the reality is far more nuanced. Typing, English fluency and conventional digital interfaces continue to pose significant barriers to meaningful digital access.
As voice becomes the natural bridge to digital access, the Indian Voice AI market is projected to reach $1.82 billion by 2030, according to NASSCOM.
While global enterprises increasingly fine-tune foundation models from OpenAI, Meta, and others, Mihup has taken a fundamentally different approach by building its entire automatic speech recognition (ASR), natural language processing (NLP), and text-to-speech (TTS) stack in-house—a deep-tech investment supported by over $5 million raised over nine years, including its latest round in October 2024.
Kolkata-based AI firm Mihup is a leading voice AI platform enabling enterprises to deliver seamless voice-first experiences, most notably through its long-standing partnership with Tata Motors, which began in 2019.
Its technology is already embedded in more than one million Tata Motors vehicles, including the Nexon, Safari, Altroz and Punch, and has been validated through extensive real-world testing.
With deep linguistic coverage spanning 50 Indian languages and dialects, including hybrid forms such as Hinglish, Tamilish and Benglish, Mihup allows users to interact in their natural speaking style, without needing to modify their everyday language.
“When we started building Mihup’s voice stack, there was nothing available that represented India adequately,” Priyanka Kamdar, head of growth, Mihup, told AIM. Even today, despite major advancements in global AI, “their focus on India is still limited,” she added.
Global Models Don’t Reflect India’s Linguistic Reality
India’s linguistic landscape defies conventional modelling. “India is not one large language market; it is a patchwork of hundreds of micro-languages, dialects and speech patterns,” Kamdar added.
Even within a single language, pronunciations shift dramatically. For instance, Bengali in Kolkata differs from the same language in Siliguri, Hindi in Jaipur sounds different from that in Patna.
However, Kamdar added that “there is no comprehensive global dataset that captures these nuances and generic ASR models trained on Western speech simply do not map onto the Indian linguistic reality.”
Fine-tuning global models would have meant compensating for a fundamentally flawed base.
“We needed control over the entire signal processing pipeline, the phoneme inventory, the lexicon, the acoustic modelling decisions and the contextual understanding layers on top of it,” she said.
For Mihup, owning the end-to-end stack was a foundational requirement for delivering high accuracy, low latency and reliability in Indian conversational environments.
Mihup supports over 10 Indian languages, powered by datasets sourced from purchased corporate, public data, customer-permitted recordings and proprietary collections built over nine years. The company also contributes insights to the IndiaAI Mission and Nandan Nilekani’s EkStep Foundation.
Why Phonetic Modelling Wins in a Market Like India
Traditional ASR systems assume clean, standardised pronunciation—an assumption that breaks almost immediately in India, Kamdar mentioned.
Mihup, by contrast, leans heavily on phonetic modelling, which focuses on the sounds of speech rather than predefined words.
Phonetic models adapt naturally to accents by tracking sound transitions rather than expecting a single correct pronunciation. They also handle mixed-language speech seamlessly, as they aren’t restricted to a fixed lexicon.
Crucially, these models preserve contextual variation, tone, emphasis and regional cues that carry meaning, making them far more flexible and accurate across diverse speech patterns.
This approach makes the system resilient to the way Indians actually speak, not the idealised way models expect them to.
Connectivity constraints have shaped Mihup’s deployment strategy from the ground up. “We begin with usage reality, who the user is, where they are, what latency they can tolerate and what privacy demands exist,” Kamdar added.
Illustrating this with examples, Kamdar explained that in automotive use cases, “a pure cloud assistant would fail in India’s connectivity conditions.” As a result, media, navigation and system commands run on-device, while open-ended queries go to the cloud.
In contact centres, the cloud remains the primary deployment model, but for live support, “we support on-device or local deployment as needed,” Kamdar added.
This hybrid architecture ensures reliability across India’s varied connectivity conditions.
Cracking Technical Problems Global Assistants Still Haven’t Solved
Mihup has deliberately focused on challenges that Western voice assistants often treat as niche, but which are mainstream in India.
One of the biggest challenges is language mixing. “Switching between English and a regional language multiple times in one sentence is normal in India,” Kamdar added.
Mihup treats this as a baseline, not an exception.
Another major challenge is extreme noise and overlapping speech. “Indian call centres, road conditions, field environments, all introduce noise, interruptions, overlapping speakers,” she mentioned.
The company has built noise reduction, diarisation and transcription specifically for these realities because they’re the default, not exceptions.
Despite significant technological advancements, “Contact centres see 98% of calls unanalysed today,” Kamdar added. According to Mihup, the barrier lies in mindset, not technology.
The shift required is threefold. First is the move from fine to optimised. Comprehensive analysis reveals what top agents do differently, what frustrates customers and which process gaps drive repeat calls.
Second is a shift from viewing support as a cost centre to recognising it as a growth lever, as conversation intelligence reveals renewal drivers, upsell cues and churn signals. Third is the move from anecdotes to evidence, grounding decisions in insights drawn from thousands of real customer interactions rather than isolated samples.
Through its platform, Mihup enables enterprises to make this leap, moving from reactive sampling to evidence-based operational intelligence that drives transformation.
The post Why Global Voice AI Fails India and How Mihup Cracked It appeared first on Analytics India Magazine.